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¡¡¡¡Official Name: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
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¡¡¡¡Location: Located in eastern Africa, Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the southeast, Djibouti to the east, Sudan to the west and Kenya to the south. It has a generally temperate climate, but drought is a frequent problem in the desert areas of the southeast and northeast.
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¡¡¡¡Area: 1,133,380 sq. km.
¡¡¡¡land use - 13% cropland, 41% permanent pasture; 25% forest and woodland, 21% other; arable land per capita - 0.7 acre; land borders - 5,197 km.
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¡¡¡¡Population: 62,565,000 (2000)
¡¡¡¡density - 55 inhabs per sq. km. (2000); urban pop. - 14.7%; population ¡¡growth rate - 2.9% per year (2000); avg. life expectancy - 53.8 years ¡¡(2000).
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¡¡¡¡Capital: Addis Ababa; population - more than 3 million (2000)
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¡¡¡¡Time: 3 hours earlier than GMT; 5 hours later than Beijing Time.
¡¡¡¡Óï¡¡ÑÔ£º°¢Ä·¹þÀÓïΪ¹Ù·½ÓïÑÔ£¬Í¨ÓÃÓ¢ÓÖ÷ÒªÃñ×åÓïÑÔÓаÂÂÞĪÓï¡¢°¢Ä·¹þÀ¡¡¡¡ÓïºÍÌá¸ñÀ×Óï¡£
¡¡¡¡Language: The official language is Amharic; English is also widely ¡¡¡¡spoken.
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¡¡¡¡Ethnic Composition: Oromo - 40%; Amhara and Tigrean - 32%; Sidamo - 9%; ¡¡¡¡Somali - 6%; Shankella - 6%; Afar - 4%; Gurage - 2%; other - 1%.
¡¡¡¡×Ú¡¡½Ì£º£´£µ££µ£°£¥µÄ¾ÓÃñÐÅ·îÒÁ˹À¼½Ì£¬£³£µ££´£°£¥¾ÓÃñÐÅ·î°£Èû¶í±ÈÑÇÕý½Ì£¬£±£²£¥¾ÓÃñÐÅ·îÔʼ×ڽ̣¬£µ£¥¾ÓÃñÐÅ·îÆäËû×ڽ̡£
¡¡¡¡Religion: Moslim - 45-50%; Ethiopian Orthodox - 35-40%; animist - 12%; ¡¡¡¡other - 5%.
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¡¡¡¡Currency: 1 Birr=100 Cents; 1 U. S. Dollar = 8.4 Birrs (Feb. 2001)
¡¡¡¡½Ú¡¡ÈÕ£¨£²£°£°£±Ä꣩£ºÊ¥µ®½Ú£¨£±Ô£·ÈÕ£©¡¢Ö÷ÏÔ½Ú£¨£±Ô£±£¹ÈÕ£©¡¢°¢¶ÅÍßÕ½ÒÛ¼ÍÄîÈÕ£¨£³Ô£²ÈÕ£©¡¢Ô×Éü½Ú£¨£³Ô£¶ÈÕ£©¡¢Ò®öÕÊÜÄÑÈÕ£¨£´Ô£±£³ÈÕ£©¡¢¸´»î½ÚºóµÄÐÇÆÚÒ»£¨£´Ô£±£¶ÈÕ£©¡¢ÎåÒ»½Ú£¨£µÔ£±ÈÕ£©¡¢Ê¤ÀûÈÕ£¨£µÔ£µÈÕ£©¡¢Äº±Ä¬µÂµ®ÉúÈÕ£¨£¶Ô£´ÈÕ£©¡¢ÐÂÄ꣨£¹Ô£±£±ÈÕ£©¡¢¿ªÕ«½Ú£¨£±£²Ô£±£·ÈÕ£©¡£
¡¡¡¡Holidays (2001): Jan. 7 (Christmas); Jan. 19 (Epiphany); Mar. 2 (Battle of Adowa); Mar. 6 (idal-adha- Feast of the Sacrifice), Apr. 13 (Good Friday); Apr. 16 (Easter Monday); May 1 (May Day); May 5 (Victory Day); June 4 (Mouloud - Birth of the Prophet); Sep. 11 (New Year's Day); Dec. 17 (Id al-Fitr- end of Ramadan).
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¡¡¡¡Ìá¸ñÀ×ÖÝ Tigrap
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¡¡¡¡ÄÏ·½ÈËÃñÖÝ South Ethiopia People's Autonomous Region
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¡¡¡¡Major Cities:
¡¡¡¡Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Harar, Gondar, Nazret, Mekele, Jimma, Dessie, Bahir Dar (Bahar Dar), Debre Zeit.
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¡¡¡¡Brief History
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¡¡¡¡Ethiopia is an ancient country with a history of more than 3,000 years. In the third century B.C., the Aksumitic Empire was established. In 13th century an Abyssinian State came into being. Portugal and Britain occupied Ethiopia afterwards. In 1890, the Italian forces took control of Ethiopia and made the country an Italian protectorate. Ethiopia's army defeated Italian forces in Mar. 1896, and Italy was forced to recognize Ethiopian independence. In Nov. 1930, Haile Sellassie I was enthroned as Emperor. In 1974, the armed forces deposed the Emperor and a Provisional Military Administrative Council headed by Aman Andom was formed. At the same time, the junta abolished the constitution and dissolved the parliament. After Mengistu Haile Mariam took power in a coup, the Provisional Military Administrative Council headed by Mengistu exercised ultimate power proclaimed the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in September 1987. In May 1991 Mengistu's regime was overthrown and a transitional government was established in July with Meles Zanawi, the Chairman of the EPRDF, as interim president of the transitional government. In December, the Constituent Assembly ratified the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which went into effect in May, 1995, when general elections were held and the transtitional period ended.
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